01

Quote to Summary Criteria

What makes a candidate admissible and a summary faithful.

14 rules
  1. QS-001Keep language that reveals inner thinking, an emotional reaction, or a guiding principle—not mere facts or scene-setting.
  2. QS-002Give each distinct concept its own record.
  3. QS-003Assign every phrase to only one record, splitting at phrase boundaries when concepts differ.
  4. QS-004Label every record as inner thinking, emotional reaction, or guiding principle.
  5. QS-005Start the summary with a verb that carries the cognition.
  6. QS-006Follow the verb with the key point the participant is thinking or feeling about.
  7. QS-007Extend the quotation only when more context is necessary to support the key point.
  8. QS-008Retest the verb and cognition type rather than forcing the first interpretation.
  9. QS-009Write from the participant’s viewpoint rather than explaining them from outside.
  10. QS-010Prefer the participant’s own memorable words over researcher terminology.
  11. QS-011Borrow a missing word only if the participant would plausibly use it, preferably elsewhere in the interview.
  12. QS-012Write in first-person present tense with the implied subject omitted.
  13. QS-013Reorder and prune freely while preserving the participant’s language and meaning.
  14. QS-014Produce a verb-plus-key-point concept that can later stand in for the quotation.

02

Words to Try

Rules for widening the field, never a controlled vocabulary.

5 rules
  1. WP-001
    Search for a verb that names the participant’s thought process.

    Thought-process verbs: accept, acknowledge, adopt, agree, anticipate, assume, avoid, choose, decide, deliberate, ensure, figure out, forgive, justify, make sure, plan, ponder, promise, realize, recognize, struggle, suspect, think, weigh, wonder, and others.

  2. WP-002
    Express emotional reactions with “feel + emotion” or a verb that already carries the emotion.

    Emotion-carrying verbs: adore, appreciate, crack up, cry out, distrust, enjoy, envy, fear, hope, light up, marvel, panic, reel, tear up, worry, and others.

  3. WP-003
    Brainstorm several emotions and move from a general label to the most specific one supported.

    Specificity example: Surprised — startled, confused, amazed, excited, shocked, dismayed, disillusioned, perplexed.

  4. WP-004
    Attach supporting details as phrases rather than adding a second sentence.

    Connectors: about, after, although, as if, at, because, before, besides, beyond, by, despite, due to, even though, except, from, if, including, instead of, like, past, since, so that, that, through, when, whereas, while, who.

    Use cautiously: “and” and “or” can invite a second sentence.

  5. WP-005
    Treat vague, passive, exterior, and session-mode verbs as warning signs rather than banned words.

    Vague — communicate, consider, deal with, do, expect, manage, organize, plan on, use.

    Passive — be, discover, experience, find, get, have, hear, know, let, need, observe, read.

    Exterior — approve, believe, explain, feel like, feel that, hate, judge, like, love, prefer, want.

    Session mode — compare, complain, critique, remember.

03

How the Work Goes

Practical checks used while shaping and reviewing the records.

16 rules
  1. TC-001Use the participant’s own verb immediately when they have already supplied a good one.
  2. TC-002Brainstorm two to five verbs or emotions, generating more when the interpretation is uncertain.
  3. TC-003Let the best-fitting verb help determine the cognition type.
  4. TC-004Prune the quotation before typing it so the concept becomes visible.
  5. TC-005Restore pruned language when it turns out to contain the memorable wording.
  6. TC-006Before keeping an implied concept, test your confidence, why it was mentioned, and whether it belongs to the remembered moment.
  7. TC-007Require stronger evidence for the concept itself than for supporting details.
  8. TC-008Separate emotions by what they concern and when or where they occurred.
  9. TC-009Join repeated expressions to the existing concept record instead of duplicating it.
  10. TC-010Include supporting details only when they will help someone remember the concept and participant later.
  11. TC-011Repair an unclear key point when writing the details exposes a dangling reference.
  12. TC-012Read the summary aloud and revise wherever the wording makes you stumble.
  13. TC-013Preserve personal context until the later grouping stage.
  14. TC-014Keep one final summary per record.
  15. TC-015Enrich thin summaries using vivid language found elsewhere in the transcript.
  16. TC-016Move memorable material from the details into the key point when that is where the cognition really sits.

04

Judgment Calls

Choices the method does not reduce to a single automatic answer.

17 rules
  1. JC-001Accept that several faithful summaries may be valid, with clarity and recall deciding between them.
  2. JC-002Hold cognition type loosely because the same concept may support more than one type.
  3. JC-003Choose a verb that matches the shape of the thinking, not merely its subject matter.
  4. JC-004Cite where the participant used any word borrowed from elsewhere in the interview.
  5. JC-005Preserve uncomfortable participant language rather than substituting the researcher’s preferred term.
  6. JC-006Add a qualifier only when it helps distinguish this concept from others.
  7. JC-007Reduce genuine double verbs to one main verb, unless dropping one loses real meaning.
  8. JC-008Keep “try to” only when the participant is genuinely struggling, working at, or aiming toward something.
  9. JC-009Replace a non-emotional adjective with the emotion behind it when the evidence supports one.
  10. JC-010Look behind descriptions of another person’s action to find the participant’s actual emotion.
  11. JC-011Let self-description emotions stand when a more precise recasting becomes forced.
  12. JC-012Treat bodily responses as supporting details rather than emotions themselves.
  13. JC-013Split the record when candidate emotions scatter across different concepts.
  14. JC-014Use “wish” and “hope” freely unless they are merely disguised preferences.
  15. JC-015Favor clear, faithful wording over mechanical conformity to the rules.
  16. JC-016Resist granting motives or considerations the participant never expressed.
  17. JC-017Prefer over-splitting to over-merging because separate concepts can be regrouped later.

05

Fail Conditions

Conditions that send a record back or remove it instead of polishing it.

10 rules
  1. FC-001Drop language spoken to the interviewer now rather than from inside the remembered moment.
  2. FC-002Drop approval, preference, description, and fact unless they conceal genuine interior cognition.
  3. FC-003Return any summary whose verb has no clear key point.
  4. FC-004Rewrite gerunds as direct verbs.
  5. FC-005Split compound sentences containing two subject-and-verb concepts.
  6. FC-006Rewrite third-person summaries into implied first-person, present-tense language.
  7. FC-007Enrich generic summaries from the transcript rather than inventing specificity.
  8. FC-008Reject researcher analysis and rewrite directly from the participant’s quotation.
  9. FC-009Loosen summaries that preserve the participant’s original word order too rigidly.
  10. FC-010Record insufficient evidence and drop the candidate rather than manufacturing a concept.